Cfd study on the effect of tubes diameter and count on flow distribution uniformity in a Z disposition

The present paper goal is to compile a comprehensive database of data on the pressure drop and flow distribution uniformity (FDU) utilizing CFD in network parallel tubes arranged Z configuration adopted for flat plate solar collectors. A 3D model implemented simulate such system as market, including two domains: tube materials fluid, besides entering exiting prolonged ports. specifications are disposition uniform inlet outlet headers diameter (D=20 mm), length 1150 mm, 1780 mm. investigated design parameters include number (N=5, 10, 15) header ratio (d/D=0.25, 0.35, 0.50). For wide range Reynolds numbers from 500 5000. demonstrated noticeable agreement with offered experimental findings literature. results affirmed that lowering both; enhances FDU. indicate 15 5 at lower 0.25 higher yields maximum increase FDU roughly 180% negative effect total drop.